History & Politiks: Melaka - A continuity of Sri Vijaya

History & Politiks: Melaka - A continuity of Sri Vijaya

Melaka - A continuity of Sri Vijaya

i subscribe to the fact that Sri Vijaya was more prominent/greater as malay kingdom/empire than Melaka. In fact Melaka is just a continuity of Sri Vijaya kingdom or can be said as the new capital of Sri Vijaya replacing Palembang that was weakened, under threatened and overshadowed by the rising of Majapahit in 14th ad. In her golden period, more than 7 centuries of lordship in nusantara, Sri Vijaya was far greater, supreme, stronger, richer than Melaka empire, which Sri Vijaya, a malay-buddhist kingdom, encompassed most of the area in south east asia ,except part of java ruled under hindhu dynasties,all states in sumatera suvarnadvipa, malay peninsular (hujung tanah)suvarnabhumi, borneo island, south philipines, sulawesi, malay and spice archipelago like maluku,Where all this states were enjoying united under a well structured administration of Sri Vijayan emperor for many centuries, from 7th to 13th century, which then gradually weakened by internal conflicts, politics, rebellion, and external threats from south india (the Chola kingdom/raja suran), siam (threating areas in the peninsular)and then overthrown by uprising Majapahit kingdom/empire who take over control on south east asian from sri vijaya in 13th & 14th century. Majapahit had gained confidence and motivation from their success in defeating and throw out Kublai Khan Monggol army sent to nusantara. from that point highly spirit Majapahit become the victor expand and took control of south east asia (a lucrative trading path/route for east & west incl. selat melaka, selat riau and selat sunda) from the weakened Sri Vijaya. Majapahit held the lordship in SEA for about 2 centuries (13th & 14th century) until the last descendents/prince of SriVijaya royalty Adityavarman and Parameswara decided to abandoned city of Palembang which is no more safe and suit as a capital being attacked for many times. Adiyavarman royal lineage remains in Sumatera with a new capital and kingdom in minangkabau west sumatera (Pagaruyung), and Parameswara with his royal lineage and loyalties then seek fortune as sea nomadic king, for years, around Riau & Temasik archipelago, moving from a place to another place carrying his households and regalias of SriVijaya years by years. Until he bcomes old, finally he founded Melaka and reestablish the kingdom with the supports of the loyal followers from the ramaining royalties, noblemen, sea people as the guardian/army from small kingdoms of malay islands/archipelago like bentan, riau, temasik, lingga, buru, siantan and with some supports from the malay-bugis clan/tribe who were the sea merceneries and spice traders. And from newly found Melaka, Parameswara had reestablished the old sri vijayan customs, ranks,administration, protocols, laws, agreements and trades back. In Sulalatus Salatin, it were always written quotations like," ...just like the rules and customs of the old kingdom" which refers to Sri Vijayan rules & customs. With lessons and experience learned from fugitive years, quickly Parameswara build the port of Melaka structuredly with facilities and settlements for trading, to reglorify sri vijayan. with loyal support of sea peoples, Melaka had gained security & defence around trading sea routes of Selat riau and selat melaka to protect and safe trading for all ships and traders passing through the seas around malay archipelago/islands and straits. Friendship with Ming Dynasty has contributed to booming trade in Melaka where China has become friend and protector to the Melaka Kingdom from Siam threats. All chinese ships enjoyed peace, safe trading and protection throughout the malay archipelago and straits, free of pirates, under a good friendships and exchange of envoys/missions of Melaka and the Ming Dynasty. So many documents tell us about diplomatic envoys, royal visits and missions within these two nations. enjoyed peace, safe trading and protection throughout the malay archipelago and straits, free of pirates, under a good friendships and exchange of envoys/missions of Melaka and the Ming Dynasty. So many documents tell us about diplomatic envoys, royal visits and missions within these two nations. Trading from east and west exchanging their trades, barter trade and fortunes in Melaka as a meeting place and emporium to the east asian, where all goods, commodity, golds and trades are in Melaka. Not only China, the Japan, from the Ryukyu kingdom was also established trading ties with Melaka as evidence from some documents and findings in ancient Ryukyu kingdom of south Japan. In this era that last only for a century,(15th ce) asians had enjoyed a prosperous trading port with customs, profitting each others, the malays, the chinese, the indians, the arabs,the persians, some caucusians and the africans all have their parts and roles gaining wealth without envy under the administrative trading laws & regulations of Melaka that was written for fair trade for all races, where taxation, weights, shipping, cargoes and lots on deck were insured, shares,offences,fines, punishment, religion and protocols were clearly defined in the Canon Laws of Melaka (Hukum Kanun Melaka, like modern days' act & regulatories), and Maritime Laws of Melaka (Undang-undang Laut Melaka). It was evidenced that about 84 different languages spoken or can be heard on the streets of the city of Melaka. That indicates how cosmopolitan multi racial population can live and doing business in one place under a proper and fair administrative system of Melaka. Until a weak ruler come to the throne, at the peak of its era, Sultan Mahmud Shah, the last sultan of melaka, then it is time of treachery, bribery, complacent and arrogant the malay kingdom had ever been. In the last of its days, the Melaka sultanate was full with turbulence, slandering and conspiracy, and the noblemen and king were ill advised by corrupted officials bribed by competing wealthy greedy merchants like raja medeliar, si kitol and naina chatu that has contributed to the falls of melaka from within. At port, foreign traders started to be restless with the corrupted systems and make them disheartened with the current king of melaka administive style. The coming of Portuguese was at the right time when Melaka was already weakened from within and foreign traders have no more respect to the king of Melaka at that time, of his arrogance, ill advised and spoiled. After that, the malays have to suffer from continuous attacks from outside for hundred years. But God saves the sultans and noblemen bloodlines, for them still remain until today but not with the absolute former great kingdom and lordships but with small states throughout south east asian nowadays like current small states sultanate of Perak, Kedah, Selangor, Brunei, Johor, Pahang, Terengganu, Kelantan, Negeri Sembilan and Perlis, and some still respected royal house like in mataram keraton and the bugis lords around riau archipelago, maybe, for their contributions in receiving and establishing peacefully Islam from the palace to the people and the followers throughout the nusantara. And now we are enjoying as the muslim countries in the south east asian as Malaysia, Indonesia and Brunei as well as the south Filipina and Thailand and Kemboja.

Sri Vijaya & Melaka

Svasti.cri cakavarsatita 606 dim dvitiya cuklapaksa vulan caitra.sana tatkalana parlak Criksetra ini.niparvuat parvan dapunta hyang Cri Yayanaca (-ga) ini pranidhanan dapunta hyang savanakna yang nitanam di sini.niyur pinang hanau rumviya dngan samicrana yang kayu nimakan vuahna.tathapi haur vuluh pattung ityevamadi.punarapi yang varlak verkan dngan savad tlaga savanakna yang vualtku sucarita paravis prayojanakan punyana sarvvasatva sacaracara.varopayana tmu sukha di asannakala di antara margga lai.tmu muah ya ahara dngan air niminumna.savanakna vuatna huma parlak mancak muah ya manghidupi pacu prakara.marhulun tuvi vrddhi muah ya jangam ya niknai savanakna yang upasargga.pidana svapnavighna.varang vuatana kathamapi.anukula yang graha naksatra pravis diya.Nirvyadhi ajara kavuatanana.tathapi savanakna yam khrtyana satyarjjava drdhabhakti muah ya dya.yang mitrana tuvi janan ya kapata yang vivina mulang anukala bharyya muah ya.varamsthanana lagi curi ucca vadhana paradara di sana punarapi tmu ya kalyanamitra. marvvangun vodhicitta dngan maitridhari di dang hyang ratnaraya jangan marsarak dngan dang hyang ratnaraya.tathapi nityakala tyaga marcila ksanti marvvangun viryya rajin tahu di samicrana cilpakala paravis.samahitacinta.tmu ya prajna smrti medhavi.punarapi dhairyyamani mahasattva vajracarira.anubamacakti.jaya tathapi jatismara.avikalendriya.mancak rupa.subjaga hasin halap.ade yavakya vrahmasvara.jadi laki.svayambtu.puna (ra) pi tmu ya cintamaninidhana tmu janmavacita. karmmavacita clecavacitaavasana tmu ya anuttarabhisamyaksam vodhi. Bahasa Melayu Kuno yang dapat kita kesan daripada batu bersurat di atas di antara lain ialah: vulan = bulan tatkalana = tatkalanya nivarbuat = diperbuat savanakna = sebanyaknya nitanam = ditanam niyur = nyiur hanau = enau rumvia = rumbia dngan = dengan nimakan = dimakan vuahna = buahnya tathapi = tetapi haur = aur vuluh = buluh pattung = betung tlaga = telaga punyana = punyanya tmu = temu, bertemu margga = marga sukha = suka niminumna = diminumnya savanakna = sebanyaknya, sebanyak-banyaknya vuatna = buatnya manghidupi = menghidupi prakara = perkara varang = barang vuatana = buatannya marvvangun = membangun Harun Aminurrashid mengutip terjemahan Slametmuljana berkenaan dengan bahasa yang terdapat pada Batu Bersurat Talang Tuwo tersebut adalah seperti yang berikut ini: Bahagia! Tahun Saka 606 pada hari kedua bulan terang caitra, itulah waktunya taman Sriksetra ini diperbuat, milik Dapunta Hyang Sri Jayanaga. Ini Pesan Dapunta Hyang: Semuanya yang ditanam di sini; nyiur, pinang, enau, rumbia dan lain-lain yang (berupa) pohon, dimakan buahnya, serta aur, buluh betung dan yang semacam itu. Demikian pula taman-taman lainnya dengan tebat telaga, semuanya yang kuperbuat, semua perbuatan baik, dimaksud untuk kebahagiaan semua makhluk yang bergerak dan tidak bergerak. Hendaklah daya upaya beliau yang sangat baik itu mendapat kesukaan di kemudian hari dengan jalan lain. Semoga beliau mendapatlah makanan dan air untuk minumnya. Semuanya yang dibuatnya; ladang, kebun luas, menghidupi binatang-binatang, ramai para abdi suburlah. Jauhkanlah beliau dari segala bencana, siksaan dan penyakit tidak dapat tidur. Bagaimanapun barang usahanya hendaknya berhasil baik, binatang-binatang lengkap semua, beliau dari sakit, dibuat awet muda. Dan lagi hendaklah semua yang disebut abdi setia baktilah mereka pada beliau. Yang menjadi sahabat beliau janganlah mereka itu menderhaka pada beliau; yang menjadi bini beliau hendaklah tetap setia sebagai isteri pada beliau. Di manapun beliau berada, janganlah dilakukan curi, curang, bunuh dan zina di situ. Dan lagi, hendaklah beliau bertemu dengan khalyanamitra, membangun bodhichita dengan maitri, menjadi pertapa pada dang hyang Ratnatraya, melainkan sentiasa teguh bersila dengan senang membangun tenaga, keuliten, pengetahuan tentang perbezaan semua sipakala dan pemusatan fikiran. Mudah-mudahan beliau memperoleh pengetahuan, ingatan dan kecerdasan dan lagi ketetapan mahasatwa badan manikam vajracarira yang sakti tanpa upama, kemenangan, dan lagi ingatan kepada kelahiran yang sudah lampau, indria lengkap, rupa penuh, kebahagiaan, kegembiraan, ketenangan, kata manis, suara Brahma, jadi lelaki kerana kekuatannya sendiri, hendaklah beliau memperoleh cintamaninidhara, memperoleh janmawacita, karmmawacita, akhirnya beliau mendapat anuttarabisamyaksambodhi.